ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology; Accepted Date: May 13, 2021
Perspectives
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.1.2.10
Rechargeable batteries are an integral part of all types of
electric vehicles (EVs). Batteries must contain higher energy-power densities
and longer cycle life to qualify for an EV system. Lead-acid batteries, Nickel-metal
hydride batteries, and Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been employed as
charge storage in EV systems to date. Lead-acid batteries and Nickel-metal
hydride batteries were deployed in EVs by General Motors in 1996. However, the low
specific energy in Lead-acid batteries (34 Whkg-1) and high
self-discharge (12.5% per day at r.t.) in Nickel-metal hydride batteries have
marked these batteries obsolete in EV applications. LIBs currently occupy
most of the EV market because of their high specific power (~130-220 Whkg-1)
and a low self-discharge rate (~5% per month). The current technological
maturity and mass production in LIBs have reduced the overall battery cost by ~98% in the last three decades, reaching an average value of
$140 kWh-1 in 2021. Although a game-changer in battery
technologies, LIBs encounter various challenges: high cost, low safety, less
reliability, and immature infrastructure despite its environmental benignness.
Overcharging and overheating of LIBs can cause thermal runway leading to fire
hazards or explosion. Declining Li-resources also raise concerns regarding the
reliability and shelf-life of LIB technology. Hence, a critical assessment of
Li-ion chemistries is essential to comprehend the potential of LIBs in electric
mobilities and to realize the prospects in EVs.
Read More @ https://araijournal.com/index.php/arai/article/view/116
The lithium ion battery price in Pakistan starts around Rs. 8,000 for basic units and increases with capacity. These batteries are compact, lightweight, and suitable for electronics and small devices.
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